Islam Channel

Stories of Prophets explores the lives, teachings, and miracles of Islamic prophets, inspiring faith and wisdom.

Call to prayer & fast ends (Check local area times). The Messenger (SAW) said �O Allah! I fasted for you, & I believe in you & I put my trust in you & I break my fast with your sustenance".

We all get angry at times, our Prophet (pbuh) taught, that the strongest person is one who controls themselves while angry. This song humorously describes what anger feels like and gives solutions.

Join Islam Channel as we broadcast live Isha prayers from Masjid al-Haram Makkah.

A mix of entertaining and educational programmes for children.

Beneath the surface of your daily life lie layers of unseen realities: ghayb, Barzakh & akhirah. join Dr. Omar Suleiman to discover the connection between your living soul & the unseen realm.

Outlining the importance and significance of Masjid al-Aqsa with the intention of fostering love, care for this blessed land and the third hoilest site in Islam.

Call to prayer, timed according to the London Central Mosque and the Islamic Cultural Centre.

Outlining the importance and significance of Masjid al-Aqsa with the intention of fostering love, care for this blessed land and the third hoilest site in Islam.

A guide of the places mentioned in the Holy Qur'an and their importance. The flood of Noah, the water of Madeen, the people of the cave, the Kaaba, Al-Aqsa in Palestine, Babylon, Saba and others.

Quiz Show: Increase your knowledge of Islam this Ramadan while having loads of fun with your family and friends. Join in for this daily quiz, conquer all pillars at five difficulty levels.

The Today Show is a live talk show for the whole family that champions and celebrates the achievements of Muslims around the world in fields such as health, innovation, finance, food and culture.

A daily surgery presented by Muslim scholars who answer viewers' questions.

A vibrant lifestyle magazine show exploring Muslim culture, events, and experiences in the UK and worldwide, featuring the Muslim Scouts Fellowship Olympics Special.

Coverage of the international anti-war conference held in Paris, October 2025, highlighting global voices advocating peace and diplomacy in a post-conflict world.

Rolling coverage of the war on Gaza.

Current affairs programme, we delve into the intricate world of global geopolitics with a keen focus on the United Kingdom. Exploring the underlying reasons behind key international decisions.

Discover the most beautiful mosques in the world, from Europe to Africa to the Middle East.

The remembrance of Allah is a cornerstone of the Islamic faith. These are supplications or Adhkaar that one should recite every evening from The Fortress of the Muslim.

Rolling coverage of the war on Gaza.

Current affairs programme, we delve into the intricate world of global geopolitics with a keen focus on the United Kingdom. Exploring the underlying reasons behind key international decisions.

A morning show with lively chats and programming that features cookery, health, careers, spirituality and education.

Join Islam Channel as we broadcast live Fajr prayers from Masjid al-Haram Makkah.

A morning show with lively chats and programming that features cookery, health, careers, spirituality and education.

Explore the lives and missions of the Prophets of Allah, their divine messages, trials, and timeless wisdom that continue to inspire faith, compassion, and righteousness across generations.

Take a moment to sit back and contemplate life with some spoken work poetry.

Hear the beautiful recitation of the Quran from Makkah.

Beautiful excerpts from the Quran addressing particular issues.

Discover the history of the most beautiful Mosques around the world.

Call to prayer & fast begins. Dua at the time of fasting: 'I intend to keep the fast today for the month of Ramadan'. Timing based upon, London Central Masjid. Check local area for start of fasting.

Inspirational duas made to Allah (SWT).

The remembrance of Allah is a cornerstone of the Islamic faith. These are supplications or Adhkaar that one should recite every morning taken from The Fortress of the Muslim.

Supplication with Reciter Elsaid Fayoud.

A mix of entertaining and educational programmes for children.

The great adveturer, Muslim scholar and explorer Ibn Battuta makes his way through exciting journeys. Each destination will offer a new adventure.

Team Noon, a cartoon series about the scientific miracles in the Quran, follows Zahra, Jasser, and Robo as they travel far and wide hoping to learn new things.

We all get angry at times, our Prophet (pbuh) taught, that the strongest person is one who controls themselves while angry. This song humorously describes what anger feels like and gives solutions.

The follow up to 'The Final Legacy', drama series charting the trials and tribulations of the companions of the prophet Muhammad (pubh) after his death.

Beyond the Sea is a haunting & intimate journey into the heart of Gaza‿s devastation‿told through the shattered lives of its children. The Gaza Strip has endured relentless bombardment by Israel.

Take a look back through history and uncover what happened on this day.

Join Islam Channel as we broadcast live Dhuhr prayers from Masjid al-Haram Makkah.

Hosted by Rahim Jung, with esteemed Sheikh Dr. Saalim Al-Azhari, each episode is short, impactful and features beautiful recitations from Imams of the Haram.

A series of supplications to the almighty Allah.

Shaykh Abu Abdissalam from Makkah advised on how to stop yourself sinking in a sea of life and staying afloat.

Profile embarks on the lives of remarkable Muslim's in Africa, having combined their faith with community service to seek the pleasure of Allah the almighty.

Morning show with lively conversations, guests, special features from across the world, including current affairs, cooking, health advice, spirituality and education.

A suspended King‿s College student faces possible removal from the UK. Usama Ghanem‿s activism for Palestinian rights sparks a fierce debate on free speech, visas, and academic freedom.

Join Islam Channel as we broadcast live Asr prayers from Masjid al-Haram Makkah.

A suspended King‿s College student faces possible removal from the UK. Usama Ghanem‿s activism for Palestinian rights sparks a fierce debate on free speech, visas, and academic freedom.

Beautiful excerpts from the Quran addressing particular issues.

Diving into the history of prominent Muslim figures and their legacy.

Diving into the history of prominent Muslim figures and their legacy.

Presented by Nouman Ali Khan, featuring Qari Ibraheem Bakeer, exploring the different maqamat (melodic modes) used in Quranic recitation to emphasis the power and meaning behind the verses.

A program that helps guide us to the path of knowledge to help foster and develop the necessary relationships between individuals, their society, and their creator.

Join Islam Channel as we broadcast live Maghrib prayers from Masjid al-Haram Makkah.

Entrepreneurs Unlocked shares inspiring stories of Muslim changemakers who build impactful businesses rooted in faith, ethics, and community upliftment through innovation and perseverance.

Take a look back through history and uncover what happened on this day.

This Islamic religious magazine programme casts light on the religion of Islam and highlight issues, people, places, food, nasheeds and poetry in South Africa.

Team Noon, a cartoon series about the scientific miracles in the Quran, follows Zahra, Jasser, and Robo as they travel far and wide hoping to learn new things.

Call to prayer & fast ends (Check local area times). The Messenger (SAW) said �O Allah! I fasted for you, & I believe in you & I put my trust in you & I break my fast with your sustenance".

Join Islam Channel as we broadcast live Isha prayers from Masjid al-Haram Makkah.

A mix of entertaining and educational programmes for children.

Discover the beauty of different Cities of Islam around the world.

Animated series charting the story of the prophet Ibrahim (AS), who was given the title 'the friend of Allah' and is held in high esteem by all the major revealed religions. 30 episodes.

Call to prayer, timed according to the London Central Mosque and the Islamic Cultural Centre.

Animated series charting the story of the prophet Ibrahim (AS), who was given the title 'the friend of Allah' and is held in high esteem by all the major revealed religions. 30 episodes.

Sayings of the Prophet Muhammed PBUH.

A series providing an overview of the noble Quran page by page with Shaykh Dr. Ahsan Hanif, extracting the main themes from the words of Allah swt.

Documentary Series: With exclusive access to the holy sites in Madinah, Makkah, Arafah and Mina (Saudi Arabia) and with teams on the ground, Islam Channel follows the daily experiences of Pilgrims.

The Today Show is a live talk show for the whole family that champions and celebrates the achievements of Muslims around the world in fields such as health, innovation, finance, food and culture.

A daily surgery presented by Muslim scholars who answer viewers' questions.

A live phone in show to discuss the latest news.

Rolling coverage of the war on Gaza.

Current affairs programme, we delve into the intricate world of global geopolitics with a keen focus on the United Kingdom. Exploring the underlying reasons behind key international decisions.

The follow up to 'The Final Legacy', drama series charting the trials and tribulations of the companions of the prophet Muhammad (pubh) after his death.

Rolling coverage of the war on Gaza.

Current affairs programme, we delve into the intricate world of global geopolitics with a keen focus on the United Kingdom. Exploring the underlying reasons behind key international decisions.

A morning show with lively chats and programming that features cookery, health, careers, spirituality and education.

Join Islam Channel as we broadcast live Fajr prayers from Masjid al-Haram Makkah.

A morning show with lively chats and programming that features cookery, health, careers, spirituality and education.

Take a look back through history and uncover what happened on this day.

Profile embarks on the lives of remarkable Muslim's in Africa, having combined their faith with community service to seek the pleasure of Allah the almighty.

Oriental Scholars is an educational program which celebrates the scholars of our past. It sheds light on their accomplishments, and the influence they have left on modern times.

A series of supplications to the almighty Allah.

Hear the beautiful recitation of the Quran from Makkah.

Beautiful excerpts from the Quran addressing particular issues.

Discover the history of the most beautiful Mosques around the world.

Call to prayer, timed according to the London Central Mosque and the Islamic Cultural Centre.

Beautiful excerpts from the Quran addressing particular issues.

A selection of Quranic verses and supplications.

The remembrance of Allah is a cornerstone of the Islamic faith. These are supplications or Adhkaar that one should recite every morning taken from The Fortress of the Muslim.

A mix of entertaining and educational programmes for children.

Team Noon, a cartoon series about the scientific miracles in the Quran, follows Zahra, Jasser, and Robo as they travel far and wide hoping to learn new things.

Oriental Scholars is an educational program which celebrates the scholars of our past. It sheds light on their accomplishments, and the influence they have left on modern times.

Giving sincere advice is one of the prominent characteristics of Islamic brotherhood; it is part of perfect faith & Ihsan.

Documentary exploring the forceful expulsion of Palestinian families in Jerusalem, the impact on their lives. Charting the history of land seized and occupied.

Decades of US intervention in the Middle East have inadvertently strengthened Iran's influence, turning former allies into enemies. From the Shah to the Iraq-Iran war and the invasion of Iraq.

Take a look back through history and uncover what happened on this day.

Episode 4: Eric Byran, the story of a homeless boy who was addicted to drugs on the streets of Kenya whose life completely changes after meeting the team from Spot.

Join Islam Channel as we broadcast live Dhuhr prayers from Masjid al-Haram Makkah.

A series providing an overview of the noble Quran page by page with Shaykh Dr. Ahsan Hanif, extracting the main themes from the words of Allah swt.

Morning show with lively conversations, guests, special features from across the world, including current affairs, cooking, health advice, spirituality and education.

Sayings of the Prophet Muhammed PBUH.

Join the charming Nai‿maa B Roberts, revert & award-winning author, as she chats with fellow authors about their captivating books. Packed with exciting prizes & a must-have reading list for viewers.

Join Islam Channel as we broadcast live Asr prayers from Masjid al-Haram Makkah.

Electrifying replay of the best action from GPU Festival! Dive into a world of inspiration, global speakers & be mesmerised by the soul-stirring Sounds of Faith nasheed concert featuring top artist.

Take a look back through history and uncover what happened on this day.

A powerful documentary exploring the repeated failure of the global promise "Never Again" as the people of Gaza face ongoing violence & humanitarian crisis, as history repeats itself in real time.

Beautiful excerpts from the Quran addressing particular issues.

Beautiful excerpts from the Quran addressing particular issues.

Discover the beauty of different Cities of Islam around the world.

Dating back to the early Islamic period. During this time, the Arabs were among the most literate people in the world, and they wrote extensively about various subjects, including religion, philosophy.

Join Islam Channel as we broadcast live Maghrib prayers from Masjid al-Haram Makkah.

Join us for the latest Nasheeds from top artists from across the Nasheed world.

The Companions of the prophet Muhammad (SAW) were the greatest generation. We reflect on their lives and their legacies.

On a quiet stove fire, we delight you with innovative dish of traditional and modern dishes, both Arab and Western, with the flavor of international cuisines.

A series of supplications to the almighty Allah.

Call to prayer & fast ends (Check local area times). The Messenger (SAW) said �O Allah! I fasted for you, & I believe in you & I put my trust in you & I break my fast with your sustenance".

Ever wondered if Islam taught us productivity? Ever wondered how productive our ancestors were? We look in the Quran, the Seerah, and the history of the Islamic civilization.

Join Islam Channel as we broadcast live Isha prayers from Masjid al-Haram Makkah.

A mix of entertaining and educational programmes for children.

Badees Nouiouat is on an exhilarating quest to bring the Muslim community in America closer together by celebrating its vibrant cultures, mouth-watering cuisines, and unique lifestyles.

Join Quran reciters from across the Muslim world to hear the different melodious styles in which the glorious Quran can be recited.

Call to prayer, timed according to the London Central Mosque and the Islamic Cultural Centre.

Join Quran reciters from across the Muslim world to hear the different melodious styles in which the glorious Quran can be recited.

A program that helps guide us to the path of knowledge to help foster and develop the necessary relationships between individuals, their society, and their creator.

Biography of nine judges who had strong imprints on Islamic history during the Abbasid rule. Showing Muslim models in the Islamic ideology & discusses contemporary issues that threaten society.

The Today Show is a live talk show for the whole family that champions and celebrates the achievements of Muslims around the world in fields such as health, innovation, finance, food and culture.

A daily surgery presented by Muslim scholars who answer viewers' questions.

Dynamic, engaging talk show that delves into the most pressing issues of the day. Led by a panel of experts & commentators, featuring topics ranging from politics, economics, social & culture issues.

Rolling coverage of the war on Gaza.

Current affairs programme, we delve into the intricate world of global geopolitics with a keen focus on the United Kingdom. Exploring the underlying reasons behind key international decisions.

Documentary series about the life of the prophet Muhammad (SAW) from the inception of his prophethood, covering his noble champions and the spread of Islam through the world.

Rolling coverage of the war on Gaza.

Current affairs programme, we delve into the intricate world of global geopolitics with a keen focus on the United Kingdom. Exploring the underlying reasons behind key international decisions.

A morning show with lively chats and programming that features cookery, health, careers, spirituality and education.

Join Islam Channel as we broadcast live Fajr prayers from Masjid al-Haram Makkah.

A morning show with lively chats and programming that features cookery, health, careers, spirituality and education.

Shaykh Abu Abdissalam from Makkah advised on how to stop yourself sinking in a sea of life and staying afloat.

Hear the beautiful recitation of the Quran from Makkah.

Beautiful excerpts from the Quran addressing particular issues.

Prophetic Poetry- Bringing to life the message of Muhammad (saw) through typography.

A series of supplications to the almighty Allah.

Call to prayer, timed according to the London Central Mosque and the Islamic Cultural Centre.

Beautiful excerpts from the Quran addressing particular issues.

The remembrance of Allah is a cornerstone of the Islamic faith. These are supplications or Adhkaar that one should recite every morning taken from The Fortress of the Muslim.

Supplication with Reciter Elsaid Fayoud.

A mix of entertaining and educational programmes for children.

Animated cartoon based on the Companions of the Prophet.

Team Noon, a cartoon series about the scientific miracles in the Quran, follows Zahra, Jasser, and Robo as they travel far and wide hoping to learn new things.

Sheikh Bilal Assad reflects on the lives of the prophets, may Allah be pleased with them all, their experiences and their conduct.

A beautiful recitation of Surah Al Kahf by Sheikh Abu Bakr Al Shatri. Surah Al Kahf contains many blessings for all those who recite the Surah.

Take a look back through history and uncover what happened on this day.

Hear the Friday sermon from Masjid al-Haram Makkah and watch the enlightening prayer, every Friday, with a live English translation.

Prayers from Masjid Al Aqsa, translated into English every Friday in the Islam Channel studio.

Hear the Friday sermon from the Masjid al-Nabawi Madinah and watch the enlightening prayer, every Friday with a live English translation.

A weekly programme showcasing Friday prayers from mosques around the UK.

Palestine its nature, terrain, spectacular climate, highlighting the most important historical and religious tourist landmarks, as well as the most renowned places of worship.

Take a look back through history and uncover what happened on this day.

A series of supplications to the almighty Allah.

Discover the beauty of different Cities of Islam around the world.

Join Islam Channel as we broadcast live Asr prayers from Masjid al-Haram Makkah.

Profile embarks on the lives of remarkable Muslim's in Africa, having combined their faith with community service to seek the pleasure of Allah the almighty.

Ever wondered if Islam taught us productivity? Ever wondered how productive our ancestors were? We look in the Quran, the Seerah, and the history of the Islamic civilization.

Take a moment to sit back and contemplate life with some spoken work poetry.

Beautiful excerpts from the Quran addressing particular issues.

A 10 minute briefing on a key topic from a top sheikh.

Sayings of the Prophet Muhammed PBUH.

Take a look back through history and uncover what happened on this day.

Two prominent historians, Nigel Jones and Neil Faulkner, join us to debate Churchill life, times and achievements.

A program that helps guide us to the path of knowledge to help foster and develop the necessary relationships between individuals, their society, and their creator.

Join Islam Channel as we broadcast live Maghrib prayers from Masjid al-Haram Makkah.

Join Ayesha and her special guest, BBC newscaster Asad Ahmed, for an informal chat over a cup of coffee.

From grassroots to the professional pitch: Bowled Over exposes why so much talent is left behind in British South Asian cricket.

Explore the lives and missions of the Prophets of Allah, their divine messages, trials, and timeless wisdom that continue to inspire faith, compassion, and righteousness across generations.

On a quiet stove fire, we delight you with innovative dish of traditional and modern dishes, both Arab and Western, with the flavor of international cuisines.

A series of supplications to the almighty Allah.

Call to prayer & fast ends (Check local area times). The Messenger (SAW) said �O Allah! I fasted for you, & I believe in you & I put my trust in you & I break my fast with your sustenance".

A mix of entertaining and educational programmes for children.

Join Islam Channel as we broadcast live Isha prayers from Masjid al-Haram Makkah.

A mix of entertaining and educational programmes for children.

Explore UK mosques in this nationwide initiative by the Muslim Council of Britain, promoting unity and understanding across faiths at Darul Ummah, Darul Ihsan, WLIC, and Newcastle Central.

A vibrant lifestyle magazine show exploring Muslim culture, events, and experiences in the UK and worldwide, featuring the Muslim Scouts Fellowship Olympics Special.

Call to prayer, timed according to the London Central Mosque and the Islamic Cultural Centre.

A vibrant lifestyle magazine show exploring Muslim culture, events, and experiences in the UK and worldwide, featuring the Muslim Scouts Fellowship Olympics Special.

Call in our Quran show to recite in a beautiful way with our Qaris. Designed to help you recite the Quran in accordance with the rules of Tajweed and Makharij.

The Today Show is a live talk show for the whole family that champions and celebrates the achievements of Muslims around the world in fields such as health, innovation, finance, food and culture.

A daily surgery presented by Muslim scholars who answer viewers' questions.

Eddie Redzovic hosts this popular show that aims to discuss the.

A weekly programme showcasing Friday prayers from mosques around the UK.

Rolling coverage of the war on Gaza.

Current affairs programme, we delve into the intricate world of global geopolitics with a keen focus on the United Kingdom. Exploring the underlying reasons behind key international decisions.

Hear the Friday sermon from Masjid al-Haram Makkah and watch the enlightening prayer, every Friday, with a live English translation.

Hear the Friday sermon from the Masjid al-Nabawi Madinah and watch the enlightening prayer, every Friday with a live English translation.

Rolling coverage of the war on Gaza.

Current affairs programme, we delve into the intricate world of global geopolitics with a keen focus on the United Kingdom. Exploring the underlying reasons behind key international decisions.

Hear the Friday sermon from Masjid al-Haram Makkah and watch the enlightening prayer, every Friday, with a live English translation.

Hear the Friday sermon from the Masjid al-Nabawi Madinah and watch the enlightening prayer, every Friday with a live English translation.

Join Islam Channel as we broadcast live Fajr prayers from Masjid al-Haram Makkah.

Jumuah Khutbah from Masjid Al-Aqsa translated in English.

Hear the beautiful recitation of the Quran from Makkah.

Beautiful excerpts from the Quran addressing particular issues.

Beautiful excerpts from the Quran addressing particular issues.

Call to prayer & fast begins. Dua at the time of fasting: 'I intend to keep the fast today for the month of Ramadan'. Timing based upon, London Central Masjid. Check local area for start of fasting.

A series of supplications to the almighty Allah.

The remembrance of Allah is a cornerstone of the Islamic faith. These are supplications or Adhkaar that one should recite every morning taken from The Fortress of the Muslim.

Supplication with Reciter Elsaid Fayoud.

A mix of entertaining and educational programmes for children.

Animated cartoon based on the Companions of the Prophet.

Oriental Scholars is an educational program which celebrates the scholars of our past. It sheds light on their accomplishments, and the influence they have left on modern times.

Giving sincere advice is one of the prominent characteristics of Islamic brotherhood; it is part of perfect faith & Ihsan.

Discover the beauty of different Cities of Islam around the world.

Designed to inspire, invigorate and boost your Eman, with reminders, hadith, recitations and animations. This is a quick and digestible bite-sized boost.

Join Islam Channel as we broadcast live Dhuhr prayers from Masjid al-Haram Makkah.

A program that helps guide us to the path of knowledge to help foster and develop the necessary relationships between individuals, their society, and their creator.

Morning show with lively conversations, guests, special features from across the world, including current affairs, cooking, health advice, spirituality and education.

Documentary explores the rise to prominence, humble beginnings to becoming a world-renowned artist. Mesut Kurtis, a Macedonian Turkish singing sensation explores his 20-year journey.

Join Islam Channel as we broadcast live Asr prayers from Masjid al-Haram Makkah.

Explore Imam An-Nawawi's 40 Hadith, a timeless collection of prophetic sayings that form the foundation of Islamic ethics, spirituality, and guidance for everyday life.

All what you need to know about commodities which are a necessary part of business.

Beautiful excerpts from the Quran addressing particular issues.

Take a look back through history and uncover what happened on this day.

Take a moment to sit back and contemplate life with some spoken work poetry.

Dr. Refaat Alareer a Gazan poet & intellectual who was tragically killed by Israel genocidal war on 2023.

The relationship between science and religion is unique. Are they in conflict or in harmony? Clare Forestier will take us on a journey to bridge the gap between theology and modern science.

The animated chronicles of prophet Musa (AS).

The way you think about Allah shapes how Allah is with you. The inner beliefs, uncovering how trust, hope, and reverence can transform their relationship with the Divine.

This series delves into a fascinating religious and scientific journey that combine what was mentioned in the Holy Quran regarding humans, animals and plants.

Join Islam Channel as we broadcast live Maghrib prayers from Masjid al-Haram Makkah.

Presented by Nouman Ali Khan, featuring Qari Ibraheem Bakeer, exploring the different maqamat (melodic modes) used in Quranic recitation to emphasis the power and meaning behind the verses.

Join us for the latest Nasheeds from top artists from across the Nasheed world.

On a quiet stove fire, we delight you with innovative dish of traditional and modern dishes, both Arab and Western, with the flavor of international cuisines.

Call to prayer & fast ends (Check local area times). The Messenger (SAW) said �O Allah! I fasted for you, & I believe in you & I put my trust in you & I break my fast with your sustenance".

Inspirational duas made to Allah (SWT).

Join Islam Channel as we broadcast live Isha prayers from Masjid al-Haram Makkah.

Discover the most beautiful mosques in the world, from Europe to Africa to the Middle East.

Join Quran reciters from across the Muslim world to hear the different melodious styles in which the glorious Quran can be recited.

A lifestyle magazine show focusing on Muslim experiences and events in the UK and around the world.

Call to prayer, timed according to the London Central Mosque and the Islamic Cultural Centre.

A lifestyle magazine show focusing on Muslim experiences and events in the UK and around the world.

Call in our Quran show to recite in a beautiful way with our Qaris. Designed to help you recite the Quran in accordance with the rules of Tajweed and Makharij.

Quiz Show: Increase your knowledge of Islam this Ramadan while having loads of fun with your family and friends. Join in for this daily quiz, conquer all pillars at five difficulty levels.

Electrifying replay of the best action from GPU Festival! Dive into a world of inspiration, global speakers & be mesmerised by the soul-stirring Sounds of Faith nasheed concert featuring top artist.

A daily surgery presented by Muslim scholars who answer viewers' questions.

Hit drama based on the historical facts of the life of Omar Ibn Al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), exploring the complexities of his Caliphate until his death.

A Syrian refugee living in America, tries to be a normal teenager. Yet under the shadow of Donald Trump's rise to power, she must contend with daily reminders of her otherness.

The remembrance of Allah is a cornerstone of the Islamic faith. These are supplications or Adhkaar that one should recite every evening from The Fortress of the Muslim.