True Crime Xtra

A car bursts into flames after rear-ending a parked school bus. The driver blames the vehicle's owners for faulty brakes, but she is sued for damages.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

A teenager sues her ex-friend's boyfriend for allegedly depositing bad checks into her account and then withdrawing the money.

A horse owner accuses a trainer of injuring her horse's tongue by making her wear an ill-fitting bit during her training.

A failed Republican run for mayor of Philadelphia ends with the candidate being sued by an employee for non-payment of accounting services.

A car bursts into flames after rear-ending a parked school bus. The driver blames the vehicle's owners for faulty brakes, but she is sued for damages.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Top-notch forensic science helps solve crimes. A car found on the road appears to have been abandoned suddenly. Later, the body of the driver is found..

A union official is executed in his home not long after a strike by the union membership. Neither his wife nor anyone in the neighbourhood heard any gunshots.

When a family all develop signs of ill-health, the mother happens upon a toxic mould expert who could have the answer to their problems.

Innovative, value-for-money products brought directly to you at home. Shop 'til you drop whilst avoiding the hustle and bustle of the High Street.

Your one-stop-shop for all things cruise; bringing you the hottest destinations, ground-breaking ships and the latest deals to ensure your next cruise holiday is your greatest one.

When Donna Jean Awcock didn't return from babysitting, her family was devastated. Looking again at the case, Arntfield and his squad find multiple suspects in the London murder.

Gregory Martin radios in that he's about to pull over a suspicious pickup truck. When his backup arrives, he is found lying next to his patrol car, dead.

Top-notch forensic science helps solve crimes. A car found on the road appears to have been abandoned suddenly. Later, the body of the driver is found..

A union official is executed in his home not long after a strike by the union membership. Neither his wife nor anyone in the neighbourhood heard any gunshots.

When a family all develop signs of ill-health, the mother happens upon a toxic mould expert who could have the answer to their problems.

In 1986, Kathleen Lipscomb's body was found on a deserted road. The crime was never solved, until two diary entries helped police to piece together what had happened.

Investigators make history by performing DNA tests on cat hairs found at the scene of a bloody murder.

When a teenage girl is found dead her boyfriend becomes the prime suspect. He confesses to the murder, but so does another man. Experts must determine who is telling the truth.

In 2002, in the heart of Texas hill country, three teens out night fishing are left for dead when a speed boat rams their vessel, then races off into the night.

In Seattle, Washington, Robert 'Bob' Wykel fails to show up to his weekly poker game in 1996. Known for his reliable nature, Bob's family and friends immediately suspect the worst.

A respected physician is murdered and investigators must use the knowledge of cell phone mapping and wiretapping to catch the killer.

A healthy man dies mysteriously in his sleep. Toxicology reveal a lethal dose of lidocaine in his blood. Investigators find a suicide note, but determine he didn't kill himself.

A bloody trail leads investigators to a dead end at the scene of a bloody murder. Years later, advances in forensic techniques help find the killer.

After a man was murdered, fingerprints and surveillance video helped investigators apprehend the killer within twelve hours.

Top-notch forensic science helps solve real crimes. Investigators take to the water to determine who was responsible for a terrible attack on two boys out on a fishing trip.

A drive-by shooting leaves one man dead and another wounded. When experts compare soil from the crime scene with soil found in a suspect's car, he finds all the evidence he needs.

An asthmatic, absentee father who allegedly owes $55,000 in back child support is accused of reneging on a promise to buy his son a car for college.

A rescued Boxer is accused of charging and attacking a woman who was walking her leashed Highland Terriers with her husband.

Personal belongings allegedly drenched in bleach, eggs and water leave teenage ex-roommates fighting over damages.

After being arrested for drunk driving, a man is sued by his brother for alleged payment of his attorney fees.

A woman is accused of damaging her ex-lover's belongings by leaving them out in the rain.

A tour guide at a bourbon distillery sues her ex-lover for allegedly using her debit card without her permission and for medical bills.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

An asthmatic, absentee father who allegedly owes $55,000 in back child support is accused of reneging on a promise to buy his son a car for college.

A rescued Boxer is accused of charging and attacking a woman who was walking her leashed Highland Terriers with her husband.

Personal belongings allegedly drenched in bleach, eggs and water leave teenage ex-roommates fighting over damages.

After being arrested for drunk driving, a man is sued by his brother for alleged payment of his attorney fees.

A woman is accused of damaging her ex-lover's belongings by leaving them out in the rain.

A tour guide at a bourbon distillery sues her ex-lover for allegedly using her debit card without her permission and for medical bills.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

A respected physician is murdered and investigators must use the knowledge of cell phone mapping and wiretapping to catch the killer.

A healthy man dies mysteriously in his sleep. Toxicology reveal a lethal dose of lidocaine in his blood. Investigators find a suicide note, but determine he didn't kill himself.

A bloody trail leads investigators to a dead end at the scene of a bloody murder. Years later, advances in forensic techniques help find the killer.

Innovative, value-for-money products brought directly to you at home. Shop 'til you drop whilst avoiding the hustle and bustle of the High Street.

Your one-stop-shop for all things cruise; bringing you the hottest destinations, ground-breaking ships and the latest deals to ensure your next cruise holiday is your greatest one.

'Highway Horror' follows the investigation into the brutal murder of Shelby Weatherly, and how determined police caught her killer.

'The Tantra Rapist' follows the investigation to catch a serial rapist and how advanced DNA technology finally tracked him down.

'The Orem Murders' is the tragic story of a double-homicide and how dedicated police work, alongside forensics, solved the case.

Tragedy in the Canyon is the disturbing story of Jchandra Brown and how investigators uncovered what happened in the moments leading up to her death.

'The Murder of Belen Perez' follows the investigation into the death of an innocent mother and how detectives eventually identified her killer and proved his guilt.

A high school student was raped, murdered and dumped in a field, but the main suspect had a strong alibi.

A woman vanishes, her body discovered a month later. Witnesses say she forced into a car. The car had been rented, but the signature on the agreement didn't match their suspect's.

Investigators use a decapitated body and an artificial hip to track down the leader of the American Atheists group, who mysteriously disappeared.

When a pipe bomb ripped through a home killing a man and injuring his mother, police needed to quickly determine who sent the bomb, and why.

Top-notch forensic science helps solve crimes. A post-mortem on a badly burned body reveals he was stabbed 24 times. Police suspect that more than one criminal might be responsible.

In 1962, 15 year-old Marlene Miller was murdered. It would take 24 years before forensic scientists discovered the microscopic evidence that brought the killer to justice.

Jackie Malton re-examines the first 'Kidnap and Murder' case in British Criminal History, with detectives revealing a case of mistaken identity and torn family loyalties.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Accidentally touching another woman's face during a heated argument over rent leads to an arrest for assault and lawsuit for damages.

An auto body shop manager accuses a woman of committing fraud and sues her for the cost of the repairs he made to her car.

Name-calling on the Internet ignites a fight between siblings and their fiancés culminating in alleged assault and a dropped baby.

A deputy sheriff sues his neighbours claiming their dogs destroyed his backyard. Feuding cousins debate an unpaid car loan, traffic tickets and insurance after a loan agreement goes south.

Accused of having illegal pets and destroying property, a landlord sues a woman and her girlfriend for back-rent, water over-usage and locksmith fees.

Brothers Connor and Brandon Doran and their friend Simon Evans murdered homeless man Kevin Bennett in Liverpool for a dare.

A Polish surrealist painter was found stabbed to death in his apartment by two teens after refusing to lend them money.

Susan Callahan battled illness for a year, leading to a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenic. However, a simple test would reveal the real cause of her illness.

A high school student was raped, murdered and dumped in a field, but the main suspect had a strong alibi.

A woman vanishes, her body discovered a month later. Witnesses say she forced into a car. The car had been rented, but the signature on the agreement didn't match their suspect's.

Investigators use a decapitated body and an artificial hip to track down the leader of the American Atheists group, who mysteriously disappeared.

Innovative, value-for-money products brought directly to you at home. Shop 'til you drop whilst avoiding the hustle and bustle of the High Street.

Your one-stop-shop for all things cruise; bringing you the hottest destinations, ground-breaking ships and the latest deals to ensure your next cruise holiday is your greatest one.

'Treacherous Encounter' is the story of an innocent victim lured to his death and how cutting edge forensics and dedicated police identified the culprits.

When Donna Jean Awcock didn't return from babysitting, her family was devastated. Looking again at the case, Arntfield and his squad find multiple suspects in the London murder.

Gregory Martin radios in that he's about to pull over a suspicious pickup truck. When his backup arrives, he is found lying next to his patrol car, dead.

In 2002, in the heart of Texas hill country, three teens out night fishing are left for dead when a speed boat rams their vessel, then races off into the night.

In Seattle, Washington, Robert 'Bob' Wykel fails to show up to his weekly poker game in 1996. Known for his reliable nature, Bob's family and friends immediately suspect the worst.

A woman falls into a fairytale romance, becomes pregnant and then gets terribly ill. Doctors assure her she's fine, but she's not so certain.

When a woman is murdered in a Phoenix bar, investigators find foreign hairs and unknown fingerprints, but the most telling piece of evidence is the bite mark on the victim's chest.

Top-notch forensic science helps solve real crimes. When the wife of a Presbyterian minister appears to have killed herself, police investigate whether it was suicide, or cold-blooded murder.

A woman's death in Pennsylvania triggers an investigation into a woman's death in North Carolina. Similarities were striking, and examiners must determine if they are linked.

A woman recognised a detailed drawing of a serial rapist. Police closed in on the suspect and used forensic evidence to bring him down.

Police discover a man shot dead in his home after they receive a call from his worried mother. The search for the killer would lead them on a two-year investigation spanning several states.

Jackie Malton reconnects with police and experts, who have never spoken before, to examine the case of suspected serial killer, Alun Kyte - aka The Midlands Ripper.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

After being accused of bringing cocaine into their apartment, a man sues his former roommate for the return of rent, moving costs and alleged property damage.

Ex-friends wage war over the return of furniture, an alleged assault, and for pain and suffering.

Claiming she was ambushed at her home, a woman sues the aunt of her unborn baby's father for injuries from an alleged assault and for vandalism to her car.

A woman sues her teenage boyfriend for allegedly causing her car to be towed and then ultimately destroyed, a car she is still paying off.

Smashing a bat through a windshield is disputed by a woman, her boyfriend and his ex-girlfriend.

After being arrested for allegedly assaulting a police officer, a man is sued for the bail an ex-friend claims she posted for him.

High school student Vincent Parker killed his parents because he was weary of their seemingly routine punishments.

When Donna Jean Awcock didn't return from babysitting, her family was devastated. Looking again at the case, Arntfield and his squad find multiple suspects in the London murder.

Benjamin Gilmer took over a medical practice from a doctor who had murdered his own father, he investigates to find out if there could be a medical reason for the crime.

A woman falls into a fairytale romance, becomes pregnant and then gets terribly ill. Doctors assure her she's fine, but she's not so certain.

When a woman is murdered in a Phoenix bar, investigators find foreign hairs and unknown fingerprints, but the most telling piece of evidence is the bite mark on the victim's chest.

Top-notch forensic science helps solve real crimes. When the wife of a Presbyterian minister appears to have killed herself, police investigate whether it was suicide, or cold-blooded murder.

Innovative, value-for-money products brought directly to you at home. Shop 'til you drop whilst avoiding the hustle and bustle of the High Street.

Your one-stop-shop for all things cruise; bringing you the hottest destinations, ground-breaking ships and the latest deals to ensure your next cruise holiday is your greatest one.

In 2002, in the heart of Texas hill country, three teens out night fishing are left for dead when a speed boat rams their vessel, then races off into the night.

In Seattle, Washington, Robert 'Bob' Wykel fails to show up to his weekly poker game in 1996. Known for his reliable nature, Bob's family and friends immediately suspect the worst.

A respected physician is murdered and investigators must use the knowledge of cell phone mapping and wiretapping to catch the killer.

A healthy man dies mysteriously in his sleep. Toxicology reveal a lethal dose of lidocaine in his blood. Investigators find a suicide note, but determine he didn't kill himself.

A bloody trail leads investigators to a dead end at the scene of a bloody murder. Years later, advances in forensic techniques help find the killer.

After a man was murdered, fingerprints and surveillance video helped investigators apprehend the killer within twelve hours.

Top-notch forensic science helps solve real crimes. Investigators take to the water to determine who was responsible for a terrible attack on two boys out on a fishing trip.

A drive-by shooting leaves one man dead and another wounded. When experts compare soil from the crime scene with soil found in a suspect's car, he finds all the evidence he needs.

Simon Toyne travels to South London to unravel the unbelievable story of Banaz Mahmod, a woman murdered by members of her own family.

Simon Toyne travels to Liverpool to unravel the notorious murder of James Bulger, who was abducted and killed by two 10-year-old boys.

A young dancer at a performing arts school falls in with the wrong crowd. Her sudden disappearance leads everyone to suspect her new friends.

The body of a businessman was found in his rental car. When the victim's wife filed a claim for $7 million of life insurance, investigators sought the help of a forensic anthropologist.

A successful businessman suffers a mysterious, debilitating illness. Tests enable toxicologists to save the man's life in the nick of time.

When a nurse discovers that she's HIV-positive, science was able to determine not only how she had been infected, but also by whom. The worst part: It wasn't an accident.

A father confesses to the murder of his daughter, which is later dismissed. Years later, new evidence points to a new suspect.

A news producer is raped and murdered. Police turn to the DNA Databank, and a comparison of evidence and profiles results in Virginia's first 'cold hit' in a homicide investigation.

After meeting on a dating website, ex-lovers wind up in court fighting over an engagement ring and unpaid credit card charges.

Giving his own daughter a lemon of a car is the accusation laid against a man by his ex-wife who wants reimbursement for related costs.

A woman sues her former friend and a tenant for alleged damages to her home, and for the return of china, flatware and a bedspread.

A woman is accused of punching a hole in a door and of skipping out on rent by her former roommate.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

After meeting on a dating website, ex-lovers wind up in court fighting over an engagement ring and unpaid credit card charges.

Giving his own daughter a lemon of a car is the accusation laid against a man by his ex-wife who wants reimbursement for related costs.

A woman sues her former friend and a tenant for alleged damages to her home, and for the return of china, flatware and a bedspread.

A woman is accused of punching a hole in a door and of skipping out on rent by her former roommate.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

A young dancer at a performing arts school falls in with the wrong crowd. Her sudden disappearance leads everyone to suspect her new friends.

The body of a businessman was found in his rental car. When the victim's wife filed a claim for $7 million of life insurance, investigators sought the help of a forensic anthropologist.

A successful businessman suffers a mysterious, debilitating illness. Tests enable toxicologists to save the man's life in the nick of time.

Innovative, value-for-money products brought directly to you at home. Shop 'til you drop whilst avoiding the hustle and bustle of the High Street.

Your one-stop-shop for all things cruise; bringing you the hottest destinations, ground-breaking ships and the latest deals to ensure your next cruise holiday is your greatest one.

Simon Toyne travels to South London to unravel the unbelievable story of Banaz Mahmod, a woman murdered by members of her own family.

Simon Toyne travels to Liverpool to unravel the notorious murder of James Bulger, who was abducted and killed by two 10-year-old boys.

A young dancer at a performing arts school falls in with the wrong crowd. Her sudden disappearance leads everyone to suspect her new friends.

The body of a businessman was found in his rental car. When the victim's wife filed a claim for $7 million of life insurance, investigators sought the help of a forensic anthropologist.

A successful businessman suffers a mysterious, debilitating illness. Tests enable toxicologists to save the man's life in the nick of time.

When a nurse discovers that she's HIV-positive, science was able to determine not only how she had been infected, but also by whom. The worst part: It wasn't an accident.

A father confesses to the murder of his daughter, which is later dismissed. Years later, new evidence points to a new suspect.

A news producer is raped and murdered. Police turn to the DNA Databank, and a comparison of evidence and profiles results in Virginia's first 'cold hit' in a homicide investigation.

Simon Toyne travels to South Yorkshire to explore the bizarre case of a man dubbed 'The Rotherham Shoe Rapist'.

Simon Toyne travels to Darlington to investigate the case of Peter Chapman, dubbed 'The Facebook Killer'.

Find out how police tracked down a killer using a computer, after receiving an anonymous letter about the deaths of several prostitutes.

Police are dispatched to a shooting. The victim's husband says his wife accidentally shot herself. He maintains he called 911 immediately, but the evidence seems to indicate otherwise.

Police close in on the kidnapper of teenage girls who tells them where he dumps the bodies. Can they catch him before he strikes again.

When a woman dies after a year of nasty side effects to a drug, investigators had to determine if her death was due to natural causes, suicide, or murder.

A gunman killed a worker at a manufacturing plant. He hoped to have covered his tracks, but forensics enabled police to track him down.

A murder investigation leads the authorities to a discarded sleeping bag containing traces of an horrific act.

A woman claims her late mother's floral shop was robbed and sues for the return of property. A teenager confesses that he broke the windshield of a car when he jumped on the window.

Two women accuse their roommate of stealing their food and alcohol, breaking their lease, and neglecting to pay utility bills.

Four new tires, tow fees and an illegal repossession divide a man and his fiancé's sister. A teenager is sued by a co-worker for rent and utilities during the time he lived with her.

Teen lovers accuse their former landlord of unlawfully disposing of their belongings; he countersues for vandalism to his property, and attempted assault.

A woman is sued by her mother for loans for bail and rent and for the value of a car seized by police while in her possession.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.

Punchy reality show about a female judge that has made a real impact on the American justice system. Judge Judy is real, honest and keen to get to the bottom of emotional cases.