DocsVille TVB

At Tai Mountain’s base, a temple mirrors an imperial palace—built by a brazen emperor who, ignoring his country’s despair, erected this lavish shrine to glorify his sole rule.

The amazing story of Obie the Obese Dachshund, wheelchairs for pups, a therapy dog that gets cancer herself while healing those in a hospital, dogs raising charity dollars through a Fireman Calendar and Bark for Life Cancer event.

Islam has 1.6 billion followers around the world - so perhaps it's where host Tevya will find the answer's he's looking for. He starts out with a visit to the Taric Islamic Centre where he learns why it is important to cleanse himself before prayer, what Halal is, an introduction to the history of Muhammad and the devotion it takes to be a Muslim.

It's a term that's come to the fore in recent years, as the urgency of the climate crisis becomes increasingly apparent. "Greenwashing" is a troubling phenomenon in which companies which brand themselves as 'sustainable' - in hopes of attracting green investment - continue to cause massive pollution. For the corporations responsible for a vast proportion of global emissions, just what lies behind

From no paid sick leave, to a reliance on tips in order to make a living, the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the many fault lines in the American restaurant industry that affect both workers and consumers. As millions of restaurant workers were laid off in the face of the pandemic, Waging Change provides a behind the scenes look at what needs to change so that restaurant workers can receive a livi

In 1953, Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay were the first to summit Mount Everest. That same year, the jetboat was invented. With this new invention, Hillary strove to also become the first to tackle the Himalayas' greatest river: the Ganges. It was a perilous journey from ocean to sky, achieved while also battling grief, following the death of Hillary's wife and youngest daughter. A story of surm

At Tai Mountain’s base, a temple mirrors an imperial palace—built by a brazen emperor who, ignoring his country’s despair, erected this lavish shrine to glorify his sole rule.

The amazing story of Obie the Obese Dachshund, wheelchairs for pups, a therapy dog that gets cancer herself while healing those in a hospital, dogs raising charity dollars through a Fireman Calendar and Bark for Life Cancer event.

Islam has 1.6 billion followers around the world - so perhaps it's where host Tevya will find the answer's he's looking for. He starts out with a visit to the Taric Islamic Centre where he learns why it is important to cleanse himself before prayer, what Halal is, an introduction to the history of Muhammad and the devotion it takes to be a Muslim.

It's a term that's come to the fore in recent years, as the urgency of the climate crisis becomes increasingly apparent. "Greenwashing" is a troubling phenomenon in which companies which brand themselves as 'sustainable' - in hopes of attracting green investment - continue to cause massive pollution. For the corporations responsible for a vast proportion of global emissions, just what lies behind

From no paid sick leave, to a reliance on tips in order to make a living, the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the many fault lines in the American restaurant industry that affect both workers and consumers. As millions of restaurant workers were laid off in the face of the pandemic, Waging Change provides a behind the scenes look at what needs to change so that restaurant workers can receive a livi

In 1953, Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay were the first to summit Mount Everest. That same year, the jetboat was invented. With this new invention, Hillary strove to also become the first to tackle the Himalayas' greatest river: the Ganges. It was a perilous journey from ocean to sky, achieved while also battling grief, following the death of Hillary's wife and youngest daughter. A story of surm

Kaiping’s beaches hold more than Diaolou. These towers symbolize all who journeyed abroad, seeking a better life.

War dogs from Iraq and Afghanistan are found new homes, Greyhounds are saved after their dog race-track lives end, BadAss Dog Rescue and learning the art of puppy adoption.

Could the best kind of belief possibly be, no belief at all? Host Tevya decides to check out atheism. As the program begins he finds himself in a graveyard, where he is visited by an important insight ... "being dead sucks!" Later in the program, he meets the president of Canada's Freethought Association, which stirs up a little controversy with it's provocative ad slogan "There's probably no God.

In the wake of COVID19, students, doctors, and engineers from all around BC, Canada, formed an Open Source community to design innovative PPE devices and limit the spread of the virus.

In Spring 2014, armed pro-Russian rebels stormed the city of Donetsk in eastern Ukraine. After seizing control of the city, the separatists held a referendum - labelled illegal by the US and EU - and independence from Kiev was declared. This brave documentary explores the origins and evolution of the Donetsk People's Republic, diving into hopeful beginnings and eventual descent into enduring confl

‘Fury Dance’ is a story about a Korean protest dancer, Sam-hun Lee. He fought for the democratization of South Korea in the ‘80’s through dance, while giving up his own dream to become a ballerino. The film takes the viewer through prominent events in South Korean history, as Sam-hun dances to soothe the souls of victims who were killed by the Korean national violence during the past 30 years. Dur

Invited to a respiratory ward, Marc Isaacs meets Bob. Through one long night, he films this gravely ill man, whose optimism, kindness, and humour remain undimmed.

Kaiping’s beaches hold more than Diaolou. These towers symbolize all who journeyed abroad, seeking a better life.

War dogs from Iraq and Afghanistan are found new homes, Greyhounds are saved after their dog race-track lives end, BadAss Dog Rescue and learning the art of puppy adoption.

Could the best kind of belief possibly be, no belief at all? Host Tevya decides to check out atheism. As the program begins he finds himself in a graveyard, where he is visited by an important insight ... "being dead sucks!" Later in the program, he meets the president of Canada's Freethought Association, which stirs up a little controversy with it's provocative ad slogan "There's probably no God.

In the wake of COVID19, students, doctors, and engineers from all around BC, Canada, formed an Open Source community to design innovative PPE devices and limit the spread of the virus.

In Spring 2014, armed pro-Russian rebels stormed the city of Donetsk in eastern Ukraine. After seizing control of the city, the separatists held a referendum - labelled illegal by the US and EU - and independence from Kiev was declared. This brave documentary explores the origins and evolution of the Donetsk People's Republic, diving into hopeful beginnings and eventual descent into enduring confl

‘Fury Dance’ is a story about a Korean protest dancer, Sam-hun Lee. He fought for the democratization of South Korea in the ‘80’s through dance, while giving up his own dream to become a ballerino. The film takes the viewer through prominent events in South Korean history, as Sam-hun dances to soothe the souls of victims who were killed by the Korean national violence during the past 30 years. Dur

Invited to a respiratory ward, Marc Isaacs meets Bob. Through one long night, he films this gravely ill man, whose optimism, kindness, and humour remain undimmed.

Kaiping’s beaches hold more than Diaolou. These towers symbolize all who journeyed abroad, seeking a better life.

War dogs from Iraq and Afghanistan are found new homes, Greyhounds are saved after their dog race-track lives end, BadAss Dog Rescue and learning the art of puppy adoption.

Could the best kind of belief possibly be, no belief at all? Host Tevya decides to check out atheism. As the program begins he finds himself in a graveyard, where he is visited by an important insight ... "being dead sucks!" Later in the program, he meets the president of Canada's Freethought Association, which stirs up a little controversy with it's provocative ad slogan "There's probably no God.

In the wake of COVID19, students, doctors, and engineers from all around BC, Canada, formed an Open Source community to design innovative PPE devices and limit the spread of the virus.

In Spring 2014, armed pro-Russian rebels stormed the city of Donetsk in eastern Ukraine. After seizing control of the city, the separatists held a referendum - labelled illegal by the US and EU - and independence from Kiev was declared. This brave documentary explores the origins and evolution of the Donetsk People's Republic, diving into hopeful beginnings and eventual descent into enduring confl

‘Fury Dance’ is a story about a Korean protest dancer, Sam-hun Lee. He fought for the democratization of South Korea in the ‘80’s through dance, while giving up his own dream to become a ballerino. The film takes the viewer through prominent events in South Korean history, as Sam-hun dances to soothe the souls of victims who were killed by the Korean national violence during the past 30 years. Dur

Invited to a respiratory ward, Marc Isaacs meets Bob. Through one long night, he films this gravely ill man, whose optimism, kindness, and humour remain undimmed.

Kaiping’s beaches hold more than Diaolou. These towers symbolize all who journeyed abroad, seeking a better life.

War dogs from Iraq and Afghanistan are found new homes, Greyhounds are saved after their dog race-track lives end, BadAss Dog Rescue and learning the art of puppy adoption.

Could the best kind of belief possibly be, no belief at all? Host Tevya decides to check out atheism. As the program begins he finds himself in a graveyard, where he is visited by an important insight ... "being dead sucks!" Later in the program, he meets the president of Canada's Freethought Association, which stirs up a little controversy with it's provocative ad slogan "There's probably no God.

In the wake of COVID19, students, doctors, and engineers from all around BC, Canada, formed an Open Source community to design innovative PPE devices and limit the spread of the virus.

In Spring 2014, armed pro-Russian rebels stormed the city of Donetsk in eastern Ukraine. After seizing control of the city, the separatists held a referendum - labelled illegal by the US and EU - and independence from Kiev was declared. This brave documentary explores the origins and evolution of the Donetsk People's Republic, diving into hopeful beginnings and eventual descent into enduring confl

‘Fury Dance’ is a story about a Korean protest dancer, Sam-hun Lee. He fought for the democratization of South Korea in the ‘80’s through dance, while giving up his own dream to become a ballerino. The film takes the viewer through prominent events in South Korean history, as Sam-hun dances to soothe the souls of victims who were killed by the Korean national violence during the past 30 years. Dur

Invited to a respiratory ward, Marc Isaacs meets Bob. Through one long night, he films this gravely ill man, whose optimism, kindness, and humour remain undimmed.

Invited to a respiratory ward, Marc Isaacs meets Bob. Through one long night, he films this gravely ill man, whose optimism, kindness, and humour remain undimmed.

Invited to a respiratory ward, Marc Isaacs meets Bob. Through one long night, he films this gravely ill man, whose optimism, kindness, and humour remain undimmed.

Invited to a respiratory ward, Marc Isaacs meets Bob. Through one long night, he films this gravely ill man, whose optimism, kindness, and humour remain undimmed.

Invited to a respiratory ward, Marc Isaacs meets Bob. Through one long night, he films this gravely ill man, whose optimism, kindness, and humour remain undimmed.

Invited to a respiratory ward, Marc Isaacs meets Bob. Through one long night, he films this gravely ill man, whose optimism, kindness, and humour remain undimmed.

Invited to a respiratory ward, Marc Isaacs meets Bob. Through one long night, he films this gravely ill man, whose optimism, kindness, and humour remain undimmed.

Invited to a respiratory ward, Marc Isaacs meets Bob. Through one long night, he films this gravely ill man, whose optimism, kindness, and humour remain undimmed.

Over 2,000 caves with spectacular carvings dot the mountainside south of Luoyang, holding vibrant testaments to Buddhist faith and ancient Chinese tradition.

Meet Morgan the World’s Tallest Female Dog! Snap photos with North America’s top Dog Photographer, ask can a puppy be a Hipster? and see how dog movie stars are trained to focus.

Catholics are by far the largest sect of Christianity in the world, so from the Pope to the Confessional booth, Tevya learns what makes Catholicism such an enduring 2000 year-old faith.

On a hot August evening in the Lebanese capital of Beirut, a catastrophic explosion ripped through the city. It looked like a scene from a disaster movie, but it was real. As the shocking event unfolded, people around the city captured the moment, and its aftermath, on their phones. These videos soon went viral. This documentary tells the stories of many of those who filmed the blast as well as su

Russia's deep woods: Penal Colony 56. A prison 7 hours from any city, holding 260 men for 800 murders. It exists only for killer

In the sprawling, noisy madness of Delhi, Devki battles to achieve her dream - to become a taxi driver. The odds are stacked against her; the dangers, her sex and the deeply rooted traditions of Indian society. In this crafted and riveting doc we witness Devki's battle to accomplish her dreams. Within a city shaken by the bus rape of 2012, Devki strives to have the best that life can offer her. He

Prison broke them; Landworks rebuilds. A convict's view of a system that fails to rehabilitate, and the charity offering skills and hope.

Over 2,000 caves with spectacular carvings dot the mountainside south of Luoyang, holding vibrant testaments to Buddhist faith and ancient Chinese tradition.

Meet Morgan the World’s Tallest Female Dog! Snap photos with North America’s top Dog Photographer, ask can a puppy be a Hipster? and see how dog movie stars are trained to focus.

Catholics are by far the largest sect of Christianity in the world, so from the Pope to the Confessional booth, Tevya learns what makes Catholicism such an enduring 2000 year-old faith.

On a hot August evening in the Lebanese capital of Beirut, a catastrophic explosion ripped through the city. It looked like a scene from a disaster movie, but it was real. As the shocking event unfolded, people around the city captured the moment, and its aftermath, on their phones. These videos soon went viral. This documentary tells the stories of many of those who filmed the blast as well as su

Russia's deep woods: Penal Colony 56. A prison 7 hours from any city, holding 260 men for 800 murders. It exists only for killer

In the sprawling, noisy madness of Delhi, Devki battles to achieve her dream - to become a taxi driver. The odds are stacked against her; the dangers, her sex and the deeply rooted traditions of Indian society. In this crafted and riveting doc we witness Devki's battle to accomplish her dreams. Within a city shaken by the bus rape of 2012, Devki strives to have the best that life can offer her. He

Prison broke them; Landworks rebuilds. A convict's view of a system that fails to rehabilitate, and the charity offering skills and hope.

A humble craftsman halts a war between two armies, his simple skill forging an unlikely peace.

Newfoundland Dogs do water rescue, amazing dock-diving dogs and a unique indoor swim dog-training facility.

While many mainline Christian churches are in decline, Evangelical Christianity remains a powerful force in the 21st century. With 2.1 billion followers worldwide, this particular branch of faith must be doing something right. In this program, host Tevya enters the world of Evangelicals, meeting a local pastor whose weekly service is broadcast to five different locations and features a full rockba

The White Island Volcano eruption in December 2019 claimed the lives of 23 people. Despite extraordinary stories of heroism in the rescue effort, could more have been done to prevent this awful loss of life? Terrified members of a boat trip to the New Zealand island watched on as a tower of smoke plumed from the mouth of the Volcano. It was not until they reached land that they realised the true h

Thousands of young people are dying from using drugs in Kachin State, Myanmar. When the government is not doing enough to crack down drugs problem, the civilians formed the anti-drugs organization called “Pat Jasan” which means “Stop and Clean the drugs” in local Kachin Language, to eradicate drugs. A clash between “Pa Jasan” groups and drugs lords occurred.

Daily routines mark time for the children of Kenya’s Nchiru AIDS orphanage. Delving into the minutiae of their burgeoning lives, it is soon clear that amid their cheerful patter, death lurks in the shadows, as they cope with the loss of parents and friends and the exhausting struggle against HIV. A beautifully composed film that quietly grips its audience with a moving exploration of coming-of-age

A humble craftsman halts a war between two armies, his simple skill forging an unlikely peace.

Newfoundland Dogs do water rescue, amazing dock-diving dogs and a unique indoor swim dog-training facility.

While many mainline Christian churches are in decline, Evangelical Christianity remains a powerful force in the 21st century. With 2.1 billion followers worldwide, this particular branch of faith must be doing something right. In this program, host Tevya enters the world of Evangelicals, meeting a local pastor whose weekly service is broadcast to five different locations and features a full rockba

The White Island Volcano eruption in December 2019 claimed the lives of 23 people. Despite extraordinary stories of heroism in the rescue effort, could more have been done to prevent this awful loss of life? Terrified members of a boat trip to the New Zealand island watched on as a tower of smoke plumed from the mouth of the Volcano. It was not until they reached land that they realised the true h

Thousands of young people are dying from using drugs in Kachin State, Myanmar. When the government is not doing enough to crack down drugs problem, the civilians formed the anti-drugs organization called “Pat Jasan” which means “Stop and Clean the drugs” in local Kachin Language, to eradicate drugs. A clash between “Pa Jasan” groups and drugs lords occurred.

Daily routines mark time for the children of Kenya’s Nchiru AIDS orphanage. Delving into the minutiae of their burgeoning lives, it is soon clear that amid their cheerful patter, death lurks in the shadows, as they cope with the loss of parents and friends and the exhausting struggle against HIV. A beautifully composed film that quietly grips its audience with a moving exploration of coming-of-age

A humble craftsman halts a war between two armies, his simple skill forging an unlikely peace.

Newfoundland Dogs do water rescue, amazing dock-diving dogs and a unique indoor swim dog-training facility.

While many mainline Christian churches are in decline, Evangelical Christianity remains a powerful force in the 21st century. With 2.1 billion followers worldwide, this particular branch of faith must be doing something right. In this program, host Tevya enters the world of Evangelicals, meeting a local pastor whose weekly service is broadcast to five different locations and features a full rockba

The White Island Volcano eruption in December 2019 claimed the lives of 23 people. Despite extraordinary stories of heroism in the rescue effort, could more have been done to prevent this awful loss of life? Terrified members of a boat trip to the New Zealand island watched on as a tower of smoke plumed from the mouth of the Volcano. It was not until they reached land that they realised the true h

Discover China is a documentary series shot in conjunction with the Chinese Ministry of Culture and China Central Television, including footage of never before seen locations and recreations of historical events. It was shot by BBC film crews over a four year period. At the foot of Tai Mountain sits an enigma, a temple that bears a striking resemblance to an Imperial palace. It was built by a braz

A “taste challenge” with a doggie-Gelato master, dog treat tasting, the pros-and-cons of raw food for dogs and Buddy the Dog goes through weight training.

Host Tevya goes deep into the woods to explore the spiritual ways of North America's first Aboriginal people- the people of the First Nations. While he has seen headdresses, Pow-Wows, sweat lodges and teepees on television, Tevya knows nothing about what First Nations people really believe or what their rituals are. After meeting two indigenous teenagers, Tevya experiences this religion firsthand.

They are faceless. They are nameless. They are feared and hated. And they make no apologies. Antifa is notorious for their radical and often divisive tactics - but what’s it really like to be a member of this anti-fascist movement? In the weeks surrounding the 2021 Inauguration, a group of Antifa members allowed one filmmaker full and unprecedented access, as they worked to forge the type of socie

When Dian was six she narrowly escaped a tsunami of boiling mud that completely submerged 16 villages under a moonscape of grit, leaving 60,000 people displaced. Lapindo, an Indonesian drilling company, had unleashed a violent, unstoppable flow from the earth's depths, estimated to continue for another decade. Shot over six years, GRIT witnesses Dian's transformation in to a politically active tee

Investigative journalist Anthony Baxter travels between the US Presidential race and the Scottish countryside to chronicle the troubling confrontation between Donald Trump and a feisty 92-year-old widow, Molly Forbes, as she refuses to make way for his golf course. This shocking insight to a David and goliath battle is a remarkable document of the disconnect between political rhetoric and the live

Discover China is a documentary series shot in conjunction with the Chinese Ministry of Culture and China Central Television, including footage of never before seen locations and recreations of historical events. It was shot by BBC film crews over a four year period. At the foot of Tai Mountain sits an enigma, a temple that bears a striking resemblance to an Imperial palace. It was built by a braz

A “taste challenge” with a doggie-Gelato master, dog treat tasting, the pros-and-cons of raw food for dogs and Buddy the Dog goes through weight training.

Host Tevya goes deep into the woods to explore the spiritual ways of North America's first Aboriginal people- the people of the First Nations. While he has seen headdresses, Pow-Wows, sweat lodges and teepees on television, Tevya knows nothing about what First Nations people really believe or what their rituals are. After meeting two indigenous teenagers, Tevya experiences this religion firsthand.

They are faceless. They are nameless. They are feared and hated. And they make no apologies. Antifa is notorious for their radical and often divisive tactics - but what’s it really like to be a member of this anti-fascist movement? In the weeks surrounding the 2021 Inauguration, a group of Antifa members allowed one filmmaker full and unprecedented access, as they worked to forge the type of socie

When Dian was six she narrowly escaped a tsunami of boiling mud that completely submerged 16 villages under a moonscape of grit, leaving 60,000 people displaced. Lapindo, an Indonesian drilling company, had unleashed a violent, unstoppable flow from the earth's depths, estimated to continue for another decade. Shot over six years, GRIT witnesses Dian's transformation in to a politically active tee

Investigative journalist Anthony Baxter travels between the US Presidential race and the Scottish countryside to chronicle the troubling confrontation between Donald Trump and a feisty 92-year-old widow, Molly Forbes, as she refuses to make way for his golf course. This shocking insight to a David and goliath battle is a remarkable document of the disconnect between political rhetoric and the live

Discover China is a documentary series shot in conjunction with the Chinese Ministry of Culture and China Central Television, including footage of never before seen locations and recreations of historical events. It was shot by BBC film crews over a four year period. At the foot of Tai Mountain sits an enigma, a temple that bears a striking resemblance to an Imperial palace. It was built by a braz

Amazing Zombie Dogs, a pup receives “neuticles” (testicular implants, plastic surgery post neutering), pet store trends and a top Halloween dog show.

Host Tevya begins his spiritual quest by investigating Hinduism, a faith with some 900 million followers worldwide. He attends the Durga Puja festival, an annual celebration for the Hindu goddess Durga with his teen guide Kritika. Tevya explores Little India searching for a present for the goddess and learns a little Kathak dancing with Kritika along the way!

The far-right political movement known as QAnon has taken off around the world, mobilising a committed band of believers dedicated to fighting what they claim is an ‘online war’ against corrupt, child abusing elites. In the United States, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has declared QAnon a potential domestic terrorism threat. For one family, QAnon has caused division so severe that they

An intimate portrait of four very different suicide bombers working for Al Nusra in Syria. From the Saudi who loves singing and fried chicken to the 26-year-­old British convert who is worried about his new wife, this remarkable film embeds with an unlikely bunch of ‘martyrdom seekers’. As each waits for their turn to go on a final mission, known by jihadists as ‘Dugma’, this film lays bare the fa

Born in different countries yet resembling each other so much, two women walked the path of life that was surprisingly similar. A baby girl was born in a small rural village of Jura in France. Her name is Colette. Another baby was born on the outskirt of Seoul, Korea. She is Sung-mi. Colette and Sung-mi wanted to live normal lives like any other women, but they couldn't because of visions and voic

Discover China is a documentary series shot in conjunction with the Chinese Ministry of Culture and China Central Television, including footage of never before seen locations and recreations of historical events. It was shot by BBC film crews over a four year period. At the foot of Tai Mountain sits an enigma, a temple that bears a striking resemblance to an Imperial palace. It was built by a braz

Amazing Zombie Dogs, a pup receives “neuticles” (testicular implants, plastic surgery post neutering), pet store trends and a top Halloween dog show.

Host Tevya begins his spiritual quest by investigating Hinduism, a faith with some 900 million followers worldwide. He attends the Durga Puja festival, an annual celebration for the Hindu goddess Durga with his teen guide Kritika. Tevya explores Little India searching for a present for the goddess and learns a little Kathak dancing with Kritika along the way!

The far-right political movement known as QAnon has taken off around the world, mobilising a committed band of believers dedicated to fighting what they claim is an ‘online war’ against corrupt, child abusing elites. In the United States, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has declared QAnon a potential domestic terrorism threat. For one family, QAnon has caused division so severe that they

An intimate portrait of four very different suicide bombers working for Al Nusra in Syria. From the Saudi who loves singing and fried chicken to the 26-year-­old British convert who is worried about his new wife, this remarkable film embeds with an unlikely bunch of ‘martyrdom seekers’. As each waits for their turn to go on a final mission, known by jihadists as ‘Dugma’, this film lays bare the fa

Born in different countries yet resembling each other so much, two women walked the path of life that was surprisingly similar. A baby girl was born in a small rural village of Jura in France. Her name is Colette. Another baby was born on the outskirt of Seoul, Korea. She is Sung-mi. Colette and Sung-mi wanted to live normal lives like any other women, but they couldn't because of visions and voic

Discover China is a documentary series shot in conjunction with the Chinese Ministry of Culture and China Central Television, including footage of never before seen locations and recreations of historical events. It was shot by BBC film crews over a four year period. At the foot of Tai Mountain sits an enigma, a temple that bears a striking resemblance to an Imperial palace. It was built by a braz

Amazing Zombie Dogs, a pup receives “neuticles” (testicular implants, plastic surgery post neutering), pet store trends and a top Halloween dog show.

Host Tevya begins his spiritual quest by investigating Hinduism, a faith with some 900 million followers worldwide. He attends the Durga Puja festival, an annual celebration for the Hindu goddess Durga with his teen guide Kritika. Tevya explores Little India searching for a present for the goddess and learns a little Kathak dancing with Kritika along the way!

The far-right political movement known as QAnon has taken off around the world, mobilising a committed band of believers dedicated to fighting what they claim is an ‘online war’ against corrupt, child abusing elites. In the United States, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has declared QAnon a potential domestic terrorism threat. For one family, QAnon has caused division so severe that they